Who has to file a tax return in South Africa?
If you earn more than the tax threshold — R99 000 for the 2027 tax year if you are under 65, R153 250 if you are 65 to 74 and R171 300 if you are 75 or older — SARS generally expects a return from you.
There are exceptions. You may not need to file if your only income was a salary from a single employer of less than R500 000 for the year, PAYE was deducted correctly, and you have no other income, allowances or deductions to claim. The moment you earn rental income, freelance income, a second salary, a travel allowance or want to claim medical or retirement contributions, a return is required. Companies and close corporations must file an ITR14 every year, trading or not.
Not sure whether you need to file? Send us a WhatsApp with a quick description of your income and we will tell you — no charge for the question.
Tax season 2026: the key dates
- 1 – 12 July 2026: SARS issued auto-assessments to taxpayers with simple tax affairs.
- 13 July 2026: filing season opened for everyone else.
- 23 October 2026: deadline for non-provisional individual taxpayers.
- 22 January 2027: deadline for provisional taxpayers and trusts.
Missed a date? Late returns attract monthly administrative penalties, so the sooner it is filed the less it costs. See our full SARS deadline calendar for every date that matters.
SARS auto-assessments: check before you accept
SARS now pre-populates a return for many individuals from the IRP5, medical aid, retirement annuity and investment data it already holds, and issues an auto-assessment. If the assessment is correct you need do nothing. But the data is only as complete as what third parties sent SARS: a missing medical certificate, a home-office claim, a travel logbook or donations are not included, and an incorrect auto-assessment can quietly cost you a refund. If you disagree, you must file a corrected return by the normal filing deadline. We check every client's auto-assessment line by line.
What documents do you need for your ITR12?
- IRP5 / IT3(a) certificates from every employer or fund
- Medical aid tax certificate and proof of out-of-pocket medical expenses
- Retirement annuity and pension fund certificates
- IT3(b) and IT3(c) certificates for interest, dividends and capital gains
- Travel logbook if you received a travel allowance or company car
- Rental income and expense schedule for any property you let
- Income and expenses for freelance, commission or business income
- Section 18A certificates for donations
Do not have everything? Tell us what is missing and we will help you get it, or show you what SARS can accept instead.
Tax refunds: how long does SARS take?
When a return is filed correctly, the banking details on your profile are verified and nothing else is outstanding, SARS normally pays a refund within a few business days of the assessment — its own target is 72 hours. Refunds are delayed when SARS selects the return for verification, when there are outstanding returns from earlier years, when you owe SARS money, or when your bank details have changed and need to be validated. We keep an eye on every refund and chase it when it stalls.
Company tax returns (ITR14)
Every company must submit an ITR14 within twelve months of its financial year-end — for a February year-end, by the end of the following February. The return is prepared from annual financial statements, which is why clean bookkeeping during the year makes year-end painless. Company tax is 27%, but a qualifying small business corporation pays on a sliding scale that starts at 0% on the first R99 000 of taxable income, and micro businesses with turnover up to R2.3 million may qualify for turnover tax instead. We check which regime leaves the most in your business, and we file your provisional tax so the final ITR14 holds no surprises.
Outstanding tax returns and admin penalties
SARS charges an administrative penalty for every month a return is late, from R250 up to R16 000 a month depending on your taxable income, and it keeps accruing until the return is filed. If you have several years outstanding, we file them all, request remission of the penalties where there are reasonable grounds, and negotiate a payment arrangement if there is tax to pay. Catching up is far cheaper than hoping SARS forgets — it does not.
SARS verifications, audits and disputes
A verification letter is not an accusation; SARS simply wants documents that support what you claimed. We compile them in the format SARS expects and respond before the deadline. If the assessment that follows is wrong, you have the right to object (generally within 80 business days) and then to appeal. We prepare and lodge objections for our clients and deal with SARS so you do not have to spend hours on the phone.
Why use a registered tax practitioner?
Anyone who prepares tax returns for a fee in South Africa must be registered with SARS and belong to a recognised controlling body. Registration means your return is prepared by someone who is qualified, bound by a code of conduct and accountable for the work. Melletts has been preparing returns since 2002, and we explain every figure before we press submit.